摘要：《桃花扇》是清初剧作家孔尚任（1648-1718）创作的历史剧，根据历史人物侯方域与李香君的爱情故事改编而成。本文将从历史语境出发，考察孔尚任创作时期的社会历史背景以及社会知识分子思想取向的发展变化，理清孔尚任个人思想的演变与发展，从而探索明末清初朝代变迁激烈的社会环境以及实学思潮的发展与孔尚任戏剧创作的关系。研究发现：孔尚任在《桃花扇》中对历史人物侯方域的人物形象与结局的改写，体现了明末清初社会思潮和孔尚任个人思想的演变。明末清初的社会知识分子的思想取向从禁锢思想的理学转向经世致用的实学，影响到孔尚任的个人思潮从尊孔崇儒转向批判清谈与提倡实学，因此在处理剧中的历史人物时与史实并不一致。

关键词：孔尚任；《桃花扇》；侯方域；史实；实学

Contents

摘要

Abstract

Chapter One  Introduction-1

1.1 An Introduction to Kong Shangren and Peach Blossom Fan-1

1.2 Literature Review-2

1.3 Research Method-3

Chapter Two  A Historical Enquiry of Hou Fangyu in Comparison with His Personality in the Play -5

2.1 The Biographical Facts of Hou Fangyu-5

2.2 A Comparison of Hou's Personanlity in History and in the Play-6

Chapter Three  The Social and Cultural Transmutation of the Late-Ming and Early-Qing Period-8

3.1 The Social Turn from Turmoil to Peace-8

3.2 The Cultural Turn from Neo-Confucianism to Pragmatism-9

Chapter Four  Implication of the Dramatic Adaption of Hou Fanyu in Peach Blossom Fan   -11

4.1 The Author's Turn from Confucianism to Pragmatism-11

4.2 The Social Turn from Neo-Confucianism to Pragmatism-13

Chapter Five  Conclusion-15

References 16