摘要：在汉译英时，由于译者与原文作者的文化背景不同以及不同语言间的差异，导致汉译英时译文与原文的意思在不同程度上有差别。为了使译文在不改变原文意思的基础上贴合译文读者的思维习惯和语言习惯等，翻译时的句法选择就尤为重要。比如在话题主语转换、主动被动转换等方面，应根据需要选择最佳方案，使译文更迎合译语读者的思维与认知。

本文主要通过对不同领域的多种翻译文本的分析，运用对比研究和案例分析等方法，对英汉两种语言的句子结构以及句子组合的差异性进行阐释，从而在汉译英时选择恰当的句子结构，使译文更迎合译语读者的思维与认知。

预计解决的难题为：1.对翻译文本中句子结构选择的分类2.句子结构选择的依据3.汉英两种语言的文化背景所产生的不同语言习惯和思维方式的转换。

根据功能对等理论，翻译应以内容为先，形式次之。翻译若以交流目的为重，那么译文必须接近译入语。由于英译汉的种种现状，我们生活中充斥着西化的语言，所以人们对此接受度较高，但长此以往，汉语的特性受到严峻挑战。而对于汉译英而言，译出符合英语习惯的句子也是对译入语的尊重和保护。

关键词：汉英翻译，句子结构，翻译转换

Contents

摘要

ABSTRACT

Acknowledgements

1 Introduction-1

1.1 The Need for the Study-1

1.2 The Organization of the Thesis-1

2 Chinese Sentence Structure and English Sentence Structure-2

2.1 Sentence Types and Sentence Patterns-2

2.1.1 Sentence Types-2

2.1.2 Sentence Patterns-3

2.2 Differences in Sentence Patterns-3

2.2.1 Topic Prominent and Subject Prominent-3

2.2.2 Subject and Object Consciousness-3

2.2.3 Hypotaxis and Parataxis-3

2.2.4 Top-heavy and End-weight Structure-4

2.2.5 Active and Passive Voices-4

2.3 Backgrounds in Language and Culture-5

3 Chinese-English Translation of Texts in Different Fields and Comparison-5

3.1 Originals and Translations-5

3.1.1 Field A（Scientific English Represented by Scientific Translation）-5

3.1.2 Field B（Legal English Represented by Contract）-7

3.1.3 Field C（Literary English Represented by Popular Novels）-7

3.2 Comparisons in Texts and Target Language-8

3.2.1 Comparison of Common Sentence Structures in Different Texts-8

3.2.2 Comparison of Sentence Structures in Target Language-8

4 Sentence Structure Selection in Chinese-English Translation-8

4.1 Selection Basis-8

4.2 Selection and Transformation-8

4.2.1 Transformation of Topic Prominent into Subject Prominent-9

4.2.2 Transformation of Parataxis into Hypotaxis-9

4.2.3 Transformation of Personal Subject into Impersonal Subject-9

4.2.4 Transformation of Active Voice into Passive Voice-9

4.3.5 Transformation of Top-heavy into End-weight-9

4.3.6 Transformation of Stick Insect-shaped into Tree-shaped-9

4.3.7 Transformation of Irrealis Mood into Subjunctive-10

5 Conclusion-10

References-12